Giosuè Carducci - Nobel prize in Literature 1906
Reason: for his deep critical research, for the freshness of style, for the lyrical strength that characterizes most of his masterpieces.

Giosuè Carducci  (1835-1907) was a poet, noted literary historian and an eminent orator. He was also also an excellent translator of Goethe and Heine, which greatly influenced the development of his own poetry.

The cycle of his poetry begins in his young years with a strong reaction against the old academism of late Romanticism dominant in grand ducal Tuscany. The first two collections of his poetry were Rime (1857) (Rhymes) and Levia Gravia (1868) (Light and Heavy).

Nobel Prizes in Literature

Camillo Golgi - Nobel prize in Medecine 1906 (won 1/2 of the prize together with Santiago Ramón y Cajal from Madrid University, Spain)

Reason: for the researches made on the structure of the nervous system

Camillo Golgi (1844- 1926) studied medicine at the University of Pavia and continued to work in Pavia at the Hospital of St. Matteo after graduating in 1865.
He directed the Department of General Pathology at St.Matteo Hospital where young doctors were trained, but never actually practised medicine himself.

Carducci's later poetry was the full expression of his free thought and of modern ideas, inventions, and revolutions.  It inspired his compatriots in the war for Italian independence, and enjoyed an immense popularity both at home and abroad. Carducci's collection of poems ends paradoxically with the consolidation of a fanatically patriotic and classicist academic style that will be continued by Pascoli and D'Annunzio and will be a pretext of the aesthetics of fascism.

Luigi Pirandello - Nobel prize in literature 1934
Reason: For his honest and daring attempt to perpetuate the art of theatre to the utmost  dramatic levels

Grazia Deledda - Nobel prize in literature 1926
Reason: For her works, idealistically inspired that outline clearly and vividly the life of her island.

Salvatore Quasimodo - Nobel prize in literature 1959
Reason: because with  his poetic lyricism he has portrayed the tragically human experiences of modern times

Eugenio Montale - Nobel prize in literature 1975
Reason: for his particular poetic form that has interpreted the  human values  of a life free of illusions

Dario Fò - Nobel prize in literature 1997
Reason: relevant figure of political theatre who, in the tradition of minstrels,  has censured power and restored the dignity of the humble

The work of greatest importance which Golgi carried out was a revolutionary method (that was named after him) of chrome- silver colouring individual nerve and cell structures. Thanks to this new method  the entire nervous cell could be displayed, which made all further developments in the anatomy and pathology of the nervous system possible.

He must also be credited for having determined the three forms of the parasite and the three types of fever.

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Salvador E. Luria - Nobel prize in Medecine 1969
Reason: For the discoveries of the mechanism of replication of
the genetic structure of  a virus

Renato Dulbecco - Nobel prize in Medecine 1975
Reason: For his discoveries on the interaction among carcinogenic viruses and the genetic code of the cell

Rita Levi-Montalcini - Nobel prize in Medecine 1986
Reason: For the discovery of "growth factors" in the nervous system.

Mario R. Capecchi - Nobel prize in Medecine 2007 (won 1/3 of the prize, together with Sir Martin J. Evans (UK) and Oliver Smithies (US)
Reason: for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells


Nobel Prize in Peace

Ernesto Teodoro Moneta - 1907
Reason: For his commitment and the foundation of the
"Lombard Union  for peace and arbitration"


Nobel Prize in Physics

Guglielmo Marconi - Nobel prize in Physics 1909
Reason: For his researches and for his discovery on wireless telegraphy
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Enrico Fermi - Nobel prize in Physics 1938
Reason: For the discovery of artificial radioactivity produced from irradiation of neutrons
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Emilio Segrè - Nobel prize in Physics 1959
Reason: for the discovery of the antiproton.

Carlo Rubbia - Nobel prize in Physics 1984
Reason: For the important discovery of intermediate vectorial bosons.

Riccardo Giacconi - Nobel prize in Physics 2002
Reason: for the discoveries on neutrins, particles that are created during fusion process of the sun and other stars


Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Giulio Natta - Nobel prize in Physics 1963
Reason: For the researches and the discoveries made on stereo specific polymerization of propylene.


Nobel Prize in Economics

Franco Modigliani - Nobel prize in Physics 1985
Reason: for his important analysis on savings and financial markets

Nobel Prizes In Physiology or Medecine